>>Whacky stuff...enjoy it.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Marriage is one of the chief causes of divorce.
>>
>> Work is fine if it doesn't take too much of your time.
>>
>> When everything comes in your way you're in the wrong lane.
>>
>> The light at the end of the tunnel may be an incoming train.
>>
>> Born free taxed to death.
>>
>> Everyone has a photographic memory, some just don't have film.
>>
>> Life is unsure; always eat your dessert first.
>>
>> Smile, it makes people wonder what you are thinking.
>>
>> If you keep your feet firmly on the ground, you'll have
>>trouble
>> putting on your pants.
>>
>> It's not hard to meet expenses, they are everywhere.
>>
>> I love being a writer... what I can't stand is the paperwork.
>>
>> A printer consists of 3 main parts: the case, the jammed paper
>>tray
>> and the blinking red light.
>>
>> The guy who invented the first wheel was an idiot.
>> The guy who invented the other three, he was the genius.
>>
>> The trouble with being punctual is that no one is there to
>> appreciate it.
>>
>> In a country of free speech, why are there phone bills?
>>
>> If you tell a man there are 300 billion stars in the universe,
>> he'll believe you. But if you tell him a park bench has just
>>been
>> painted, he has to touch it to be sure.
>>
>> If you cannot change your mind, are you sure you have one?
>>
>> Beat the 5 O'clock rush, leave work at noon!
>>
>> If you can't convince them, confuse them.
>>
>> It's not the fall that kills you. It's the sudden stop at the
>>end.
>>
>> I couldn't repair your brakes, so I made your horn louder.
>>
>> Hot glass looks same as cold glass. - Camino's Law of Burnt
>>Fingers
>>
>> Never underestimate the power of very stupid people in large
>>groups.
>>
>> The cigarette does the smoking you are just the sucker.
>>
>> Someday is not a day of the week.
>>
>> Complex problems have simple, easy to understand wrong
>>answers.
>>
Saturday, May 23, 2009
Gangotri - Char Dham Yatra, Uttaranchal
Gangotri Temple
The holy shrine of Gangotri (3,140 m) situated in the high Himalayas, is dedicated to goddess Ganga. According to legend, King Sagar, after slaying the demons on earth decided to stage in Ashwamegh Yagya as a proclamation of his supremacy. The horse which was to be taken on an uninterrupted journey around the earth was to be accompanied by the King's 60,000 sons born to Queen Sumati and one son Asmanjas born of the second queen Kesani. Indra, supreme ruler of the gods feared that he might be deprived of his celestial throne if the 'Yogya' (worship with fire) succeeded and then took away the horse and tied it to the ashram of Sage Kapil, who was then in deep meditation. The sons of the King Sagar searched for the horse and finally found it tied near the meditating sage. Sixty thousand angry sons of King Sagar stormed the ashram of sage Kapil. When he opened his eyes, 60,000 sons had perished by the curse of sage Kapil. Bhagirath, grand son of King Sagar, is believed to have meditated to bring down the Ganga which brought back sixty thousand sons into life. The Bhagirathi, 'Shila' is located near the temple of Ganga where the holy Ganga first descended on earth trom heaven. Hence the place is known as Gangotri. The temple of Bhagirathi was erected by the Gorkha General, Amar Singh Thapa in 18th Century at the source of Ganga.
The other places of pilgrimage are Surya Kund, Vishnu Kund and Brahma Kund located in the vicinity of Gangotri. Bhaironghati (2743 m) is a halting place if one wants to reach upto the height of Gangotri. Gangotri glaciers (4238.6 m) starts trom Chaukhamba cluster of snowpeak and extends upto Gaumukh which is connected by a track trom Gangotri. Whether one believes in these legends or not, the properties of Ganga water are well known all over the world. The water of Ganga contains no impurities and remains uncontaminated even after being kept over several years. Scientists attribute this to secretion of herbs, geologists to its mineral content and the Hindus to its holiness.
The holy shrine of Gangotri (3,140 m) situated in the high Himalayas, is dedicated to goddess Ganga. According to legend, King Sagar, after slaying the demons on earth decided to stage in Ashwamegh Yagya as a proclamation of his supremacy. The horse which was to be taken on an uninterrupted journey around the earth was to be accompanied by the King's 60,000 sons born to Queen Sumati and one son Asmanjas born of the second queen Kesani. Indra, supreme ruler of the gods feared that he might be deprived of his celestial throne if the 'Yogya' (worship with fire) succeeded and then took away the horse and tied it to the ashram of Sage Kapil, who was then in deep meditation. The sons of the King Sagar searched for the horse and finally found it tied near the meditating sage. Sixty thousand angry sons of King Sagar stormed the ashram of sage Kapil. When he opened his eyes, 60,000 sons had perished by the curse of sage Kapil. Bhagirath, grand son of King Sagar, is believed to have meditated to bring down the Ganga which brought back sixty thousand sons into life. The Bhagirathi, 'Shila' is located near the temple of Ganga where the holy Ganga first descended on earth trom heaven. Hence the place is known as Gangotri. The temple of Bhagirathi was erected by the Gorkha General, Amar Singh Thapa in 18th Century at the source of Ganga.
The other places of pilgrimage are Surya Kund, Vishnu Kund and Brahma Kund located in the vicinity of Gangotri. Bhaironghati (2743 m) is a halting place if one wants to reach upto the height of Gangotri. Gangotri glaciers (4238.6 m) starts trom Chaukhamba cluster of snowpeak and extends upto Gaumukh which is connected by a track trom Gangotri. Whether one believes in these legends or not, the properties of Ganga water are well known all over the world. The water of Ganga contains no impurities and remains uncontaminated even after being kept over several years. Scientists attribute this to secretion of herbs, geologists to its mineral content and the Hindus to its holiness.
EXCELLENT DIBETIC TREATMENT
Last month in one of TV program I learnt of a treatment of Sugar (Diabetes). Since I am diabetic, I tried it and it was very useful and my Sugar is in control now. In fact I have already reduced my medicine.
Take two fresh pieces of Lady Finger (Bhindi) and remove/cut both ends of each piece. Also put a small cut in the middle and put these two pieces in glass of water. Cover the glass and keep it at room temperature during night. Early morning, before breakfast simply remove two pieces of lady finger (bhindi) from the glass and drink that water in empty stomach.
Keep doing it on daily basis.
Within two weeks, you will see remarkable results in reduction of your SUGAR.
My sister has got rid of her diabetes. She was on Insulin for a few years, but after taking the lady fingers every morning for a few months, she has stopped Insulin but continues to take the lady fingers every day.
But she chops the lady fingers into fine pieces in the night, adds the water and drinks it all up the next morning.
Please try it as it will not do you any harm even if it does not do much good to you, but U have to keep taking it for a few months before U see results, as most cases might be chronic
Take two fresh pieces of Lady Finger (Bhindi) and remove/cut both ends of each piece. Also put a small cut in the middle and put these two pieces in glass of water. Cover the glass and keep it at room temperature during night. Early morning, before breakfast simply remove two pieces of lady finger (bhindi) from the glass and drink that water in empty stomach.
Keep doing it on daily basis.
Within two weeks, you will see remarkable results in reduction of your SUGAR.
My sister has got rid of her diabetes. She was on Insulin for a few years, but after taking the lady fingers every morning for a few months, she has stopped Insulin but continues to take the lady fingers every day.
But she chops the lady fingers into fine pieces in the night, adds the water and drinks it all up the next morning.
Please try it as it will not do you any harm even if it does not do much good to you, but U have to keep taking it for a few months before U see results, as most cases might be chronic
AMAZING HEALTH FACTS
Did you know ?
Blood cells
Your body is creating and killing 15 million red blood cells per second!
Einstein
Einstein declined the presidency of the state of Israel when it was offered to him in 1952 by state leaders. The element einsteinium, discovered in 1952, was named in honor of Albert Einstein. Picture of Einstein sticking his tongue was taken on his 72nd birthday by annoying press photographer Arthur Sasse. Albert loved the photo so much that he cut his image out and send it to all his friends.
Kneecaps
Babies are born without kneecaps. They appear when the child is 2-6 years of age.
Cats and Dogs
Cats have over one hundred vocal sounds; dogs only have about ten.
Natural Blonds
One in fourteen women in America is a natural blonde. Only one in sixteen men is.
Rigor mortis
After human death, post-mortem rigidity starts in the head and travels to the feet, and leaves the same way it came.
Marijuana and Dysentery
The Chinese, in olden days, used marijuana only as a remedy for dysentery.
Killer Bees
More people are killed each year from bees than from snakes.
The Scooter
When Voyager 2 visited Neptune it saw a small irregular white cloud that zips around Neptune every sixteen hours or so now known as "The Scooter".
Skin Dust
Most dust particles in your house are made from dead skin.
Fish Memory
A goldfish has a memory span of three seconds.
Orthodontists
An orthodontist needs four years of college, four years of dental school, and two years of postgraduate study in orthodontics before they can practice orthodontics.
All orthodontists are also board certified dentists
Dr Charles Tweed was the first certified orthodontist in the US.
An orthodontist needs four years of college, four years of dental school, and two years of postgraduate study in orthodontics before they can practice orthodontics.
All orthodontists are also board certified dentists
Dr Charles Tweed was the first certified orthodontist in the US.
The first "braces" were constructed by Pierre Fauchard in 1728. Fauchard's "braces" consisted of a flat strip of metal, which was connected to teeth by pieces of thread.
Bands were invented by Schange in 1841. The first bands consisted of an strip of metal, with a screw to adjust their size.
Orthodontic Brackets were invented by Edward Angle in 1915. The brackets consisted of little hooks of metal, which were attached to bands which went around your teeth.
Dr Angle modified his design, producing the edgewise bracket in 1928. If you or your parents got braces before 1970, they probably got braces similar to those invented by Dr Angle
Snoring
If the roof of your mouth is narrow, you are more prone to snore since you are not getting enough oxygen through your nose.
Chewing
If you are right handed, you will tend to chew your food on your right side. If you are left handed, you will tend to chew your food on your left side.
How many people are alive?
5.8 percent of all human beings ever born are alive at this very moment.
Blood
It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the whole body.
Cancer rates
Cancer may affect people at all ages, even fetuses, but the risk for most varieties increases with age. Cancer causes about 13% of all deaths. According to the American Cancer Society, 7.6 million people died from cancer in the world during 2007. Cancers can affect all animals.
Cornea
The only part of the body that has no blood supply is the cornea in the eye. It takes in oxygen directly from the air.
Knuckle cracking
The sound you hear when you crack your knuckles is actually the sound of nitrogen gas bubbles bursting.
Eyebrow
There are approx. 550 hairs in the eyebrow.
Handness
If you are right handed, you will tend to chew your food on your right side. If you are left handed, you will tend to chew your food on your left side.
What is chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy, in its most general sense, refers to treatment of disease by chemicals that kill cells, specifically those of micro-organisms or cancer. In popular usage, it will usually refer to antineoplastic drugs used to treat cancer or the combination of these drugs into a standardized treatment regimen.
Heart pumping
The human heart creates enough pressure while pumping to squirt blood 10 meters in the air.
Height
We are about 1 cm taller in the morning than in the evening. Layers of cartilage in the joints gets compressed during the day
After death
Human hair and fingernails continue to grow after death.
What is ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation consists of highly-energetic particles or waves that can detach (ionize) at least one electron from an atom or molecule. Ionizing ability depends on the energy of the impinging individual particles or waves, and not on their number. A large flood of particles or waves generally will not cause ionization if these particles or waves do not carry enough energy to be ionizing.
Titanic
It cost 7 million dollars to build the Titanic and 200 million to make a film about it.
Why is the sky blue?
When sunlight travels through the atmosphere, it collides with gas molecules. These molecules scatter the light. The shorter the wavelength of light, the more it is scattered by the atmosphere. Because it has a shorter wavelength than the other colours, blue light is scattered more, ten times more than red light, for instance. That is why the sky is blue.
Alergic to cats?
People that are allergic to cats will be able to pet them without sneezing and scratching. Genetically engineered cats will be produced to help people with allergies enjoy their sneeze-free kitties Allerca, Inc., a biotechnology firm in San Diego, California, says it has bred Hypoallergenic Cats and is now taking orders from customers in the United States.
Blinking
Women blink twice as many times as men do.
Laughing
Laughing lowers levels of stress hormones and strengthens the immune system. Six-year-olds laugh an average of 300 times a day. Adults only laugh 15 to 100 times a day.
What is radiation therapy?
Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells (not to be confused with radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis). Radiotherapy may be used for curative or adjuvant cancer treatment. It is used as palliative treatment (where cure is not possible and the aim is for local disease control or symptomatic relief) or as therapeutic treatment (where the therapy has survival benefit and it can be curative)
Inteligence and hair
Intelligent people have more zinc and copper in their hair.
Blood cells
Your body is creating and killing 15 million red blood cells per second!
Einstein
Einstein declined the presidency of the state of Israel when it was offered to him in 1952 by state leaders. The element einsteinium, discovered in 1952, was named in honor of Albert Einstein. Picture of Einstein sticking his tongue was taken on his 72nd birthday by annoying press photographer Arthur Sasse. Albert loved the photo so much that he cut his image out and send it to all his friends.
Kneecaps
Babies are born without kneecaps. They appear when the child is 2-6 years of age.
Cats and Dogs
Cats have over one hundred vocal sounds; dogs only have about ten.
Natural Blonds
One in fourteen women in America is a natural blonde. Only one in sixteen men is.
Rigor mortis
After human death, post-mortem rigidity starts in the head and travels to the feet, and leaves the same way it came.
Marijuana and Dysentery
The Chinese, in olden days, used marijuana only as a remedy for dysentery.
Killer Bees
More people are killed each year from bees than from snakes.
The Scooter
When Voyager 2 visited Neptune it saw a small irregular white cloud that zips around Neptune every sixteen hours or so now known as "The Scooter".
Skin Dust
Most dust particles in your house are made from dead skin.
Fish Memory
A goldfish has a memory span of three seconds.
Orthodontists
An orthodontist needs four years of college, four years of dental school, and two years of postgraduate study in orthodontics before they can practice orthodontics.
All orthodontists are also board certified dentists
Dr Charles Tweed was the first certified orthodontist in the US.
An orthodontist needs four years of college, four years of dental school, and two years of postgraduate study in orthodontics before they can practice orthodontics.
All orthodontists are also board certified dentists
Dr Charles Tweed was the first certified orthodontist in the US.
The first "braces" were constructed by Pierre Fauchard in 1728. Fauchard's "braces" consisted of a flat strip of metal, which was connected to teeth by pieces of thread.
Bands were invented by Schange in 1841. The first bands consisted of an strip of metal, with a screw to adjust their size.
Orthodontic Brackets were invented by Edward Angle in 1915. The brackets consisted of little hooks of metal, which were attached to bands which went around your teeth.
Dr Angle modified his design, producing the edgewise bracket in 1928. If you or your parents got braces before 1970, they probably got braces similar to those invented by Dr Angle
Snoring
If the roof of your mouth is narrow, you are more prone to snore since you are not getting enough oxygen through your nose.
Chewing
If you are right handed, you will tend to chew your food on your right side. If you are left handed, you will tend to chew your food on your left side.
How many people are alive?
5.8 percent of all human beings ever born are alive at this very moment.
Blood
It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the whole body.
Cancer rates
Cancer may affect people at all ages, even fetuses, but the risk for most varieties increases with age. Cancer causes about 13% of all deaths. According to the American Cancer Society, 7.6 million people died from cancer in the world during 2007. Cancers can affect all animals.
Cornea
The only part of the body that has no blood supply is the cornea in the eye. It takes in oxygen directly from the air.
Knuckle cracking
The sound you hear when you crack your knuckles is actually the sound of nitrogen gas bubbles bursting.
Eyebrow
There are approx. 550 hairs in the eyebrow.
Handness
If you are right handed, you will tend to chew your food on your right side. If you are left handed, you will tend to chew your food on your left side.
What is chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy, in its most general sense, refers to treatment of disease by chemicals that kill cells, specifically those of micro-organisms or cancer. In popular usage, it will usually refer to antineoplastic drugs used to treat cancer or the combination of these drugs into a standardized treatment regimen.
Heart pumping
The human heart creates enough pressure while pumping to squirt blood 10 meters in the air.
Height
We are about 1 cm taller in the morning than in the evening. Layers of cartilage in the joints gets compressed during the day
After death
Human hair and fingernails continue to grow after death.
What is ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation consists of highly-energetic particles or waves that can detach (ionize) at least one electron from an atom or molecule. Ionizing ability depends on the energy of the impinging individual particles or waves, and not on their number. A large flood of particles or waves generally will not cause ionization if these particles or waves do not carry enough energy to be ionizing.
Titanic
It cost 7 million dollars to build the Titanic and 200 million to make a film about it.
Why is the sky blue?
When sunlight travels through the atmosphere, it collides with gas molecules. These molecules scatter the light. The shorter the wavelength of light, the more it is scattered by the atmosphere. Because it has a shorter wavelength than the other colours, blue light is scattered more, ten times more than red light, for instance. That is why the sky is blue.
Alergic to cats?
People that are allergic to cats will be able to pet them without sneezing and scratching. Genetically engineered cats will be produced to help people with allergies enjoy their sneeze-free kitties Allerca, Inc., a biotechnology firm in San Diego, California, says it has bred Hypoallergenic Cats and is now taking orders from customers in the United States.
Blinking
Women blink twice as many times as men do.
Laughing
Laughing lowers levels of stress hormones and strengthens the immune system. Six-year-olds laugh an average of 300 times a day. Adults only laugh 15 to 100 times a day.
What is radiation therapy?
Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells (not to be confused with radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis). Radiotherapy may be used for curative or adjuvant cancer treatment. It is used as palliative treatment (where cure is not possible and the aim is for local disease control or symptomatic relief) or as therapeutic treatment (where the therapy has survival benefit and it can be curative)
Inteligence and hair
Intelligent people have more zinc and copper in their hair.
WONDERFUL HEALTH TIPS
How to reduce Cholesterol ?
Drink pomegranate juice early in the morning on empty stomach. Take 2 pieces garlic along with milk.
How to increase Blood Level in the Body ?
-Take 2 pieces of anjeer (Figs); cut into 2 pieces; keep it overnight in a glass of water, take anjeer along with water early in the morning.
-Coriander and honey also help in increasing blood level.
-Take 2 pieces of crushed and ground dry dates in warm milk with honey.
How to treat Piles ?
-Take Mint juice, lemon juice and honey, mix it well and take it in equal quantity for 3 times a day for 5 days.
-Grind turmeric well and mix it with butter milk and drink it.
-Take papaya, raw cabbage, and dry dates often in your meals.
Treatment for Cough and Cold ?
-Consume a ¼ spoon pepper powder along with honey twice a day, it will help to cure cold (accruing due to excessive body cold), cough and throat infection.
-Inhaling hot fumes emanating by sprinkling turmeric powder on boiling water will cure cold and running nose.
-Cold occuring due to excessive body heat is cured by consuming tender coconut water. Eating raw onion with curd rice cure cough due to body heat.
-Eating sweet apple for 7 days gives relief from dry cough.
-Ginger with honey is taken 3-4 times a day to cure cough. But in case of cold, ginger cut into small pieces is boiled in a cup ot water after straining with a ½ teaspoon of sugar; it should be taken hot.
-Eating pomegranate will cure chest pain due to cough.
How to control High Blood Pressure ?
- One cup sweet gourd juice before breakfast.
- Garlic and beetroot is helpful in controlling high blood pressure.
How to control Diabetes ?
- Dry the black berry seeds completely then grind and take in the morning.
- Drink the juice of tomato with salt and pepper every morning on empty stomach.
- Chew 4 – 5 neem leaves early in the morning.
- 2 teaspoon of powder fenugreek (methi) seeds taken daily in milk or 2 teaspoon of fenugreek seeds can also be swallowed whole daily or Fenugreek seed may be soaked in a cup of water overnight asnd only the water taken in the morning.
- Eating 10 fresh grown curry leaves every morning for 3 months is said to prevent diabetes due yo hereditary factors. It also cures diabetes due to obesity as the leaves have weight reducing properties.
How to treat Joint Pain ?
- Make a paste of honey and lime and apply the paste to the affected region.
- Apple juice, carrot juice and garlic are good for joint pain.
- Eat steam-cooked green fenugreek (Methi Bhaji leaves)
Treatment for indigestion
- Chewing and eating half a spoon of cumin seed (jeera) before taking food will help digest the food well.
- Take ginger juice, honey and lime juice in equal quantity 3 times a day chew and eat 4-5 mint leaves.
- Grapes,orange,sour apple,ripe banana, mango, papaya, garlic,unripe mango with honey and salt help in digestion.
- Dry powder of turmeric (haldi) mixed in buttermilk or plain water help prevent flatulence (gas fromation)
- A table Spoon of cinnamon (Dalchini) water prepared as for cold and taken ½ hour after meals relief flatulence and indigestion.
How to treat Gastritis ?
- 2 to 3 pinches of black pepper powdered taken with jaggery will stop emission of smelly gas.
- Take ½ glass of water with ½ a glass of milk and freeze for 10 minutes, before drinking, with the help of a second empty glass mix it up and down and drink it.
How to treat Depression ?
- Powdered seeds of cardamon (choti elaichi) are boiled in water with tea.
How to treat Headache ?
- A tea made from cardamom is valuable in headache caused by indigestion.
- Betel leaves (paan) can be applied with beneficial results over the painful area to relieve intense headache.
Drink pomegranate juice early in the morning on empty stomach. Take 2 pieces garlic along with milk.
How to increase Blood Level in the Body ?
-Take 2 pieces of anjeer (Figs); cut into 2 pieces; keep it overnight in a glass of water, take anjeer along with water early in the morning.
-Coriander and honey also help in increasing blood level.
-Take 2 pieces of crushed and ground dry dates in warm milk with honey.
How to treat Piles ?
-Take Mint juice, lemon juice and honey, mix it well and take it in equal quantity for 3 times a day for 5 days.
-Grind turmeric well and mix it with butter milk and drink it.
-Take papaya, raw cabbage, and dry dates often in your meals.
Treatment for Cough and Cold ?
-Consume a ¼ spoon pepper powder along with honey twice a day, it will help to cure cold (accruing due to excessive body cold), cough and throat infection.
-Inhaling hot fumes emanating by sprinkling turmeric powder on boiling water will cure cold and running nose.
-Cold occuring due to excessive body heat is cured by consuming tender coconut water. Eating raw onion with curd rice cure cough due to body heat.
-Eating sweet apple for 7 days gives relief from dry cough.
-Ginger with honey is taken 3-4 times a day to cure cough. But in case of cold, ginger cut into small pieces is boiled in a cup ot water after straining with a ½ teaspoon of sugar; it should be taken hot.
-Eating pomegranate will cure chest pain due to cough.
How to control High Blood Pressure ?
- One cup sweet gourd juice before breakfast.
- Garlic and beetroot is helpful in controlling high blood pressure.
How to control Diabetes ?
- Dry the black berry seeds completely then grind and take in the morning.
- Drink the juice of tomato with salt and pepper every morning on empty stomach.
- Chew 4 – 5 neem leaves early in the morning.
- 2 teaspoon of powder fenugreek (methi) seeds taken daily in milk or 2 teaspoon of fenugreek seeds can also be swallowed whole daily or Fenugreek seed may be soaked in a cup of water overnight asnd only the water taken in the morning.
- Eating 10 fresh grown curry leaves every morning for 3 months is said to prevent diabetes due yo hereditary factors. It also cures diabetes due to obesity as the leaves have weight reducing properties.
How to treat Joint Pain ?
- Make a paste of honey and lime and apply the paste to the affected region.
- Apple juice, carrot juice and garlic are good for joint pain.
- Eat steam-cooked green fenugreek (Methi Bhaji leaves)
Treatment for indigestion
- Chewing and eating half a spoon of cumin seed (jeera) before taking food will help digest the food well.
- Take ginger juice, honey and lime juice in equal quantity 3 times a day chew and eat 4-5 mint leaves.
- Grapes,orange,sour apple,ripe banana, mango, papaya, garlic,unripe mango with honey and salt help in digestion.
- Dry powder of turmeric (haldi) mixed in buttermilk or plain water help prevent flatulence (gas fromation)
- A table Spoon of cinnamon (Dalchini) water prepared as for cold and taken ½ hour after meals relief flatulence and indigestion.
How to treat Gastritis ?
- 2 to 3 pinches of black pepper powdered taken with jaggery will stop emission of smelly gas.
- Take ½ glass of water with ½ a glass of milk and freeze for 10 minutes, before drinking, with the help of a second empty glass mix it up and down and drink it.
How to treat Depression ?
- Powdered seeds of cardamon (choti elaichi) are boiled in water with tea.
How to treat Headache ?
- A tea made from cardamom is valuable in headache caused by indigestion.
- Betel leaves (paan) can be applied with beneficial results over the painful area to relieve intense headache.
Natural therapy for opening the veins of the heart
Please pass it to your colleagues or friends.
For Heart Vein opening
1) Lemon juice 01 cup
2) Ginger juice 01 cup
3) Garlic juice 01 cup
4) Apple vinegar 01 cup
Mix all above and boil in light flame approximately half
hour, when it becomes 3 cups, take it out and keep it
for cooling. After cooling, mix 3 cups of natural honey
and keep it in bottle.
Every morning before breakfast use one Table spoon
regularly. Your blockage of Vein's will open
(No need any Angiography or By pass)
For Heart Vein opening
1) Lemon juice 01 cup
2) Ginger juice 01 cup
3) Garlic juice 01 cup
4) Apple vinegar 01 cup
Mix all above and boil in light flame approximately half
hour, when it becomes 3 cups, take it out and keep it
for cooling. After cooling, mix 3 cups of natural honey
and keep it in bottle.
Every morning before breakfast use one Table spoon
regularly. Your blockage of Vein's will open
(No need any Angiography or By pass)
FOOD NUTRITION
A calorie is the amount of heat that is
required to raise one cubic centimeter of water one degree
Carbohydrates are molecular linkages of sugar molecules. If you
take a starch, which is a carbohydrate and you link those sugar
molecules together. If you look at the ingredients they are always
listed in the order of predominance. In that listing you will see an
ingredient called maltodextrine. A maltodextrine is a hybrid
ingredient that is neither a sugar nor a starch. You know a simple
sugar can be like glucose and a starch is a long chain of glucose
molecules. You link all those together and you finally get something
called a starch. In between where you have the simple sugars and
you have the complex substance starch you have these things
called maltodextrine.
You know again it comes back to the whole idea of how many units
are in this molecular chain. If you break down a fat you break it
down into something called a fatty acid. They can all be broken
down into smaller units. In the case of starch it can be broken down
into simple sugars or these maltodextrines, which can be broken
down into simple sugars.
Just like starch is broken down
into simple sugars, the fat is broken down into fatty acids and the
proteins are broken down into peptides or amino acids.
The egg white protein has an extremely high biological availability
and all of the essential amino acids in the right balance.
Each gram of
carbohydrates contains 4 grams of fat. This is why fat is so
important. It is almost twice that of protein and carbohydrates.
So one gram of fat contains roughly 9 calories.
Eggs are a tremendous source of protein. The egg white has an
abundance of all the right amino acids and is easily digested and
absorbed into the body. Egg whites may have the bioavailability of
100% because it is a reference protein. Meat protein is very close
to the egg protein as compared to some of the grain proteins. The
yolk contains quite a lot of fat but is also a good source of protein.
Last I heard about the literature was the egg or the yolk that
influenced the cholesterol level I am not sure that they ever came
to any conclusion. I have read studies that in clinical trials some
individuals have consumed a dozen eggs every day his cholesterol
level was fine or below normal and then there are other people who
seem to be predisposed to that kind of fat. Some people don’t have
any negative forms of fat as compared to others.
required to raise one cubic centimeter of water one degree
Carbohydrates are molecular linkages of sugar molecules. If you
take a starch, which is a carbohydrate and you link those sugar
molecules together. If you look at the ingredients they are always
listed in the order of predominance. In that listing you will see an
ingredient called maltodextrine. A maltodextrine is a hybrid
ingredient that is neither a sugar nor a starch. You know a simple
sugar can be like glucose and a starch is a long chain of glucose
molecules. You link all those together and you finally get something
called a starch. In between where you have the simple sugars and
you have the complex substance starch you have these things
called maltodextrine.
You know again it comes back to the whole idea of how many units
are in this molecular chain. If you break down a fat you break it
down into something called a fatty acid. They can all be broken
down into smaller units. In the case of starch it can be broken down
into simple sugars or these maltodextrines, which can be broken
down into simple sugars.
Just like starch is broken down
into simple sugars, the fat is broken down into fatty acids and the
proteins are broken down into peptides or amino acids.
The egg white protein has an extremely high biological availability
and all of the essential amino acids in the right balance.
Each gram of
carbohydrates contains 4 grams of fat. This is why fat is so
important. It is almost twice that of protein and carbohydrates.
So one gram of fat contains roughly 9 calories.
Eggs are a tremendous source of protein. The egg white has an
abundance of all the right amino acids and is easily digested and
absorbed into the body. Egg whites may have the bioavailability of
100% because it is a reference protein. Meat protein is very close
to the egg protein as compared to some of the grain proteins. The
yolk contains quite a lot of fat but is also a good source of protein.
Last I heard about the literature was the egg or the yolk that
influenced the cholesterol level I am not sure that they ever came
to any conclusion. I have read studies that in clinical trials some
individuals have consumed a dozen eggs every day his cholesterol
level was fine or below normal and then there are other people who
seem to be predisposed to that kind of fat. Some people don’t have
any negative forms of fat as compared to others.
1-2-3 Agreement
There are lot of talks about 1 2 3 Agreement between India & USA and it
almost led to the topple of Central Government. In this mail I am trying
to
explain the commercial & technical aspects relating to this Agreement
which
I have read and sharing with you.
What is 123 Agreement?
This is called 123 Agreement because this comes under USA's Atomic Power
Act Section 123.
Let's see how India's (Indians?) Sovereinty & Independence are
pledged...
(1) After this Agreement USA will supply all fuel, machinery / equipment
&
technology to India for producing Nuclear Power.
(2) All these days from about 22 Nuclear Power Plants, India is
producing
power as well as Atom. It's a high security / secret that from where
which
is produced, how much is produced, where it is supplied, what research
is
being done with that, etc. to anybody. But if we sign this Agreement,
we
have to disclose these secrets and also agree to 14 of our Nuclear Power
Plants to be under the scanner of International Atomic Power
Organisation.
(3) The fuel utilised to produce Atomic Power can be recycled for reuse
and
this plant will be under direct supervision of IAPO.
If India does nuclear test, this agreement gets cancelled. But
(1) USA will take back all the machinery / equipments / technology
supplied
to India thus far.
(2) Those 14 plants will continue to be under scanner irrespective of
the
status of the agreement.
On the other hand, if any of the commitments given by USA is breached by
them, then there is no clause for cancelling this agreement.
The agreement is apparently like this... USA can either hug India or
slap
India. India will not ask why are we hugged or why are we slapped. On
the
other hand, India cannot hug or slap USA for breach of agreement.
This is only capsule so that easy to read and digest.
Subject: India Pledged.... Part 2
Requirement of Power
The most important requirement for India's Economic Growth in the coming
years will be the power & infrastructure. The argument put forth
favouring
the 123 Agreement says that we need Nuclear Power Production to be
increased to meet the demand.
Power Production in India
Presently following are the figures:
Thermal Power 66%
Hydel Power 26%
Solar & Wind Power 5% - Presently Rs.600 Crores are spent for producing
this power.
Nuclear Power 3% - If this is to be increased to 6%, it
requires
additional Rs.50,000 Crores.
Naturally it will be wise to increase other 3 modes of power production
rather than the expensive & dangerous Nuclear Power. Isn't??
URANIUM
We used to import Uranium from various other countries. After the
Pokran
Test, we are not getting it. To augment the supply, we need to sign the
123
Agreement to get Uranium from USA. But we will have to declare to USA
from
which power plant India takes raw material for producing Atom Bomb. Why
should we disclose our internal secrets to those bitches? Will any one
allow an outsider to continuously monitor what's happening in your Hall
&
Kitchen of your house? Other study reveals that Uranium is available
in
India aplenty. Only hurdle is the acquisition of land. To produce Atomic
Power & Bomb in the next 40 years, the requirement of Uranium is 25,000
MT
whereas the availability is 78,000 MT across India.
PLUTONIUM
Presently 35% of Plutonium is used to produce Atomic Bombs. After
signing
the Agreement, we will be allowed to use only 10%. Who are those bitches
to
restrict the usage of our natural resource ? That is though you are
capable of cooking & eating 10 idlis as your breakfast, you are allowed
only 3 idlis henceforth. How can it be? Why should we accept this?
THORIUM
As told by Dr.APJ, we have abundant Thorium. In fact we are the 2nd
largest
producer of Thorium next only to Australia. India has to explore this
further for producing power. For your information, in South India -
particularly around Kanyakumari, the availability of Thorium is
abundant.
INDIA-IRAN-CHINA
USA does not like the amicable relationship between India-Iran and also
India-China. If India-China relationship gets stronger, then both these
can rule the Eastern Part of the Globe which USA wants to break as per
their divide & rule.
By signing this agreement, USA wants India to depend on it for producing
power which is going to be a crucial factor in future. There is a talk
of
bringing Natural Gas from Iran to India with a big pipeline project. USA
doesn't like this proposal.
Atomic Power Technology
Whether power is produced or Bomb is produced, using Atomic power
without
spoiling the infrastructure and without allowing the radiation is always
under threat. Moreover preserving the wastes coming out of Atomic Power
Plants is expensive & unsafe.
There was an accident in Three Miles Island in USA. To close this plant
nearly USD 200 Crores spent with tons & tons of concrete but yet to be
fully closed.
In an another accident at Soviet Union's Serbia Plant, even the next
generation child are affected due to the radiation.
It will be very very expensive to defuse & close down an Atomic Power
Plant
than its construction cost.
France
France has got 56 Nuclear Power stations producing 73% of the country's
total power requirement. They are catching up the problem of
eliminating
the wastes / emissions from out of those plants at the same time
increase
the power production capacity. Government of France is now thinking how
to
reduce the power consumption in the country.
Conclusion
In view of the above danger, rather than signing the agreement and
pledging
India to USA, it will be prudent to increase the Solar & Wind Energy and
more importantly Hyder Power Production can be increased by linking all
rivers across India and by constructing DAMS. (Ofcourse Dam construction
projects can be given to L&T's B&F Sector:-)
The whole process of this Agreement started in the year 2005 when
Manmohan
visited USA. In a span of just 2 years a major decision of signing this
agreement has taken place with political motive. On the contrary,
neither
this Government nor any other earlier Central Government could not amend
the Constitution thereby nationalise the rivers across the country
thereby
effectively utilise the water resources for both Agriculture purpose and
producing Hydel Power. What an irony?
Whenever someone is helping the needy, you can't expect the TERMS AND
CONDITIONS BETWEEN THE needy and the helper to be EQUAL??? BUT
(1) the helper's ulterior motive should be seen with broad eye because
he
is capable of digging a grave behind you and
(2) better to be self-sufficient and explore new avenues with available
resources.
INDIA-CHINA-USA
India is very rich in Culture, follow Religions, Value Ethics, Level of
Eduction is Very Good.
China is also rich in Culture, follow Religion, better disciplined.
USA does not have Culture, does not have Ethics, only want power over
others. Particularly wants a firm footing in South Asia. Remember the
introduction EURO by European Countries and it is stronger than Dollar?
So
their "DAL" cannot be boiled at "EUROPE" (Paruppu vehaathu!). They are
trying in India as already Pakistan is in their clutches.
almost led to the topple of Central Government. In this mail I am trying
to
explain the commercial & technical aspects relating to this Agreement
which
I have read and sharing with you.
What is 123 Agreement?
This is called 123 Agreement because this comes under USA's Atomic Power
Act Section 123.
Let's see how India's (Indians?) Sovereinty & Independence are
pledged...
(1) After this Agreement USA will supply all fuel, machinery / equipment
&
technology to India for producing Nuclear Power.
(2) All these days from about 22 Nuclear Power Plants, India is
producing
power as well as Atom. It's a high security / secret that from where
which
is produced, how much is produced, where it is supplied, what research
is
being done with that, etc. to anybody. But if we sign this Agreement,
we
have to disclose these secrets and also agree to 14 of our Nuclear Power
Plants to be under the scanner of International Atomic Power
Organisation.
(3) The fuel utilised to produce Atomic Power can be recycled for reuse
and
this plant will be under direct supervision of IAPO.
If India does nuclear test, this agreement gets cancelled. But
(1) USA will take back all the machinery / equipments / technology
supplied
to India thus far.
(2) Those 14 plants will continue to be under scanner irrespective of
the
status of the agreement.
On the other hand, if any of the commitments given by USA is breached by
them, then there is no clause for cancelling this agreement.
The agreement is apparently like this... USA can either hug India or
slap
India. India will not ask why are we hugged or why are we slapped. On
the
other hand, India cannot hug or slap USA for breach of agreement.
This is only capsule so that easy to read and digest.
Subject: India Pledged.... Part 2
Requirement of Power
The most important requirement for India's Economic Growth in the coming
years will be the power & infrastructure. The argument put forth
favouring
the 123 Agreement says that we need Nuclear Power Production to be
increased to meet the demand.
Power Production in India
Presently following are the figures:
Thermal Power 66%
Hydel Power 26%
Solar & Wind Power 5% - Presently Rs.600 Crores are spent for producing
this power.
Nuclear Power 3% - If this is to be increased to 6%, it
requires
additional Rs.50,000 Crores.
Naturally it will be wise to increase other 3 modes of power production
rather than the expensive & dangerous Nuclear Power. Isn't??
URANIUM
We used to import Uranium from various other countries. After the
Pokran
Test, we are not getting it. To augment the supply, we need to sign the
123
Agreement to get Uranium from USA. But we will have to declare to USA
from
which power plant India takes raw material for producing Atom Bomb. Why
should we disclose our internal secrets to those bitches? Will any one
allow an outsider to continuously monitor what's happening in your Hall
&
Kitchen of your house? Other study reveals that Uranium is available
in
India aplenty. Only hurdle is the acquisition of land. To produce Atomic
Power & Bomb in the next 40 years, the requirement of Uranium is 25,000
MT
whereas the availability is 78,000 MT across India.
PLUTONIUM
Presently 35% of Plutonium is used to produce Atomic Bombs. After
signing
the Agreement, we will be allowed to use only 10%. Who are those bitches
to
restrict the usage of our natural resource ? That is though you are
capable of cooking & eating 10 idlis as your breakfast, you are allowed
only 3 idlis henceforth. How can it be? Why should we accept this?
THORIUM
As told by Dr.APJ, we have abundant Thorium. In fact we are the 2nd
largest
producer of Thorium next only to Australia. India has to explore this
further for producing power. For your information, in South India -
particularly around Kanyakumari, the availability of Thorium is
abundant.
INDIA-IRAN-CHINA
USA does not like the amicable relationship between India-Iran and also
India-China. If India-China relationship gets stronger, then both these
can rule the Eastern Part of the Globe which USA wants to break as per
their divide & rule.
By signing this agreement, USA wants India to depend on it for producing
power which is going to be a crucial factor in future. There is a talk
of
bringing Natural Gas from Iran to India with a big pipeline project. USA
doesn't like this proposal.
Atomic Power Technology
Whether power is produced or Bomb is produced, using Atomic power
without
spoiling the infrastructure and without allowing the radiation is always
under threat. Moreover preserving the wastes coming out of Atomic Power
Plants is expensive & unsafe.
There was an accident in Three Miles Island in USA. To close this plant
nearly USD 200 Crores spent with tons & tons of concrete but yet to be
fully closed.
In an another accident at Soviet Union's Serbia Plant, even the next
generation child are affected due to the radiation.
It will be very very expensive to defuse & close down an Atomic Power
Plant
than its construction cost.
France
France has got 56 Nuclear Power stations producing 73% of the country's
total power requirement. They are catching up the problem of
eliminating
the wastes / emissions from out of those plants at the same time
increase
the power production capacity. Government of France is now thinking how
to
reduce the power consumption in the country.
Conclusion
In view of the above danger, rather than signing the agreement and
pledging
India to USA, it will be prudent to increase the Solar & Wind Energy and
more importantly Hyder Power Production can be increased by linking all
rivers across India and by constructing DAMS. (Ofcourse Dam construction
projects can be given to L&T's B&F Sector:-)
The whole process of this Agreement started in the year 2005 when
Manmohan
visited USA. In a span of just 2 years a major decision of signing this
agreement has taken place with political motive. On the contrary,
neither
this Government nor any other earlier Central Government could not amend
the Constitution thereby nationalise the rivers across the country
thereby
effectively utilise the water resources for both Agriculture purpose and
producing Hydel Power. What an irony?
Whenever someone is helping the needy, you can't expect the TERMS AND
CONDITIONS BETWEEN THE needy and the helper to be EQUAL??? BUT
(1) the helper's ulterior motive should be seen with broad eye because
he
is capable of digging a grave behind you and
(2) better to be self-sufficient and explore new avenues with available
resources.
INDIA-CHINA-USA
India is very rich in Culture, follow Religions, Value Ethics, Level of
Eduction is Very Good.
China is also rich in Culture, follow Religion, better disciplined.
USA does not have Culture, does not have Ethics, only want power over
others. Particularly wants a firm footing in South Asia. Remember the
introduction EURO by European Countries and it is stronger than Dollar?
So
their "DAL" cannot be boiled at "EUROPE" (Paruppu vehaathu!). They are
trying in India as already Pakistan is in their clutches.
Get a great body in 5 steps
Here are some interesting exercises that can be done at home easily without any equipment. Also you can do it wherever you want!
Do one to three sets of each exercise, with eight to 15 repetitions per set.
Step 1: The warm up
Leg lifts: Stand with your feet apart at hip width. Place your hands on your hips. Bend both knees slightly and shift most of your weight onto your left leg.
Keeping your knee slightly bent, lift your right leg up and out to the side, about six inches. Lower to the original position. Repeat with the right leg, then with the left.
Arm curls: Use hand weights or dumbbells. Hold a weight in each hand, arms at your sides, palms facing forward.
Stand with your feet apart at hip width, knees slightly bent. Curl the weights up to your shoulders, then lower to the original position.
Step 2: Stretch exercises
Hamstring stretch: Lie on the floor and stretch your legs. Raise your left leg, using a towel to assist, until you feel the tension in your hamstring. Hold. Repeat on other side.
Inner thigh stretches: Sit on floor; place the soles of your feet together. Drop your knees toward floor. Gradually, lower your torso towards the floor until you feel a gentle tension in your inner thighs. Release.
Modified hurdler: Sit on floor, right leg extended, left foot against the right knee. Lower your torso and reach for your ankle until your hamstring feels tight. Repeat on other side.
Step 3: Floor exercises
Crunches: Lie on the floor with your feet hip width apart. Cradle your head in your hands without lacing your fingers together and with your elbows pointed slightly inward.
Tilt your chin a little bit toward your chest and pull your abdominal muscles in. Exhale through your mouth as you curl your head, neck and shoulders up off the floor. Hold this position for a moment, then inhale as you return to your original position.
Squats: Stand tall with your feet apart at hip width, with your weight slightly back on your heels. Place your hands on your hips. Sit back and down as if you're sitting into a chair directly behind you. Lower as far as you can without leaning your upper body more than a few inches forward (this depends on your flexibility and your build).
If you can bend your knees far enough so that your thighs are parallel to the floor, stop. Don't allow your knees to travel out in front of your toes. Once you feel your upper body fold forward over your thighs, straighten your legs and stand up. Take care not to lock your knees as you complete the movement.
Push-ups: Lie on your stomach. Bend your knees and cross your ankles. Bend your elbows and place your palms on the floor, in front of your shoulders and a bit to the side. Straighten your arms and lift your body so you are balanced on your palms and knees.
Tuck your chin a few inches towards your chest so that your forehead faces the floor. Tighten your abdominal muscles. Bend your elbows and lower your entire body at once. Rather than trying to touch your chest to the floor, lower until your upper arms are parallel to the floor. Push back up.
Step 4: Stretching exercises
Dips: Sit at the edge of the desk or on a sturdy chair. Place your hands with the palms facing your body. Slide yourself off the seat and support yourself with just with your hands. Slowly lower yourself by bending your elbows until your upper arms are parallel to the floor, and then press yourself back.
Lunges: Stretch your legs a stride's distance apart. Slowly bend your knees until you are in a kneeling position with your knees not quite touching the floor. Don't look down; don't allow your knees to shoot out past your toes. Return to your original position.
Step 5: Face exercises
~ Tilt your head backwards. Let your upper lip cover your lower lip. Maintain the posture as you curl your tongue up inside the mouth and press it against your upper palette. Then smile.
~ This exercise helps to get rid of furrows and lines on the forehead. All you have to do is lift the eyebrows upward and open your eyes wider with each count.
~ Place the entire thumb inside your mouth, between the teeth of the upper jaw and the upper lip. Press the upper lip back into the teeth so that your thumb is squeezed.
SERVICE TAX
A Brief History
A tax is a financial charge or other levy imposed on an individual or a legal entity by the state.
Based on how a taxpayer pays a tax, taxes are differentiated into direct taxes and indirect taxes. A direct tax is one paid directly to the government by the persons on whom it is imposed. Income Tax is an example of direct tax. An indirect tax is a tax collected by an intermediary from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax. Examples of indirect tax are Sales Tax, VAT, Service Tax, Customs Duty etc.
Why Service Tax?
In India, the economy consists of three sectors viz. agricultural sector, industrial sector and the services sector. At present the share of the three sectors are 18.5%, 26.4% and 55.1% of the GDP respectively. Service sector not only occupies the most significant part of the GDP but is also the fastest growing of all. In 2006-07, the rate of growth for these sectors was 2.7%, 7.4% and 11.1%. (Source: Economic Survey 2006-07 – Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India)
In 1994, the then government headed by Prime Minister Mr. P.V.Narasimha Rao realized the significant contribution of services to the GDP and its potential growth in the future. Hence it decided to impose tax on services. Services have been taxed world over. However, the difference between many countries taxing services and India is that India has chosen a selective model of taxation whereas the other countries have adopted a comprehensive model of taxation. In the comprehensive model all the services are taxed except a few like medical services, education etc. In the selective model only a few selected services are taxed by a government notification and rest of the services are exempted.
Initially only three services viz. telecommunication, general insurance and stock-broking were taxed. The rate of taxation was 5% of the amount of service provided.
Progression of tax rate over the years
Year Rate (%) Educational Cess (%) Effective Rate (%)
1994 5 - 5
2003 8 - 8
2004 10 2 10.2
2005 12 2 12.24
2007 12 3 12.36
Service tax was introduced for the first time in the year1994 through the insertion of Chapter V in the Finance Act 1994.
Collection of Service Tax
Collection of Service Tax is administered by the Customs & Excise Department.
Following is the procedure foe collecting Service Tax:-
i. Any Service Provider providing service which is mentioned in the notification should get himself registered within 30 days from the date on which he starts providing the service. The application for registration is made in form ST-1.
ii. Registration Certificate is issued in form ST-2 within 7 days from the receipt of application.
iii. Once the certificate is issued the Service Provider is obliged to charge Service Tax. In case the Service Provider raises bill without charging the Service Tax, then he is liable to pay the Service Tax from his own pocket.
iv. The Service Tax is payable only when the bill is realized and it is chargeable when the bill is raised. The Service Tax is required to be deposited using a challan in the form TR-6.
v. The liability to pay Service Tax is dependant on whether the Service Provider is a company or non-company.
In case the Service Provider is a company then the Service Tax collected in a month is to be paid before the 5th of the next month except for March when it is to be paid before 31st.
In case the Service Provider is a not a company then the Service Tax is to be paid on a quarterly basis and the due date is 5th of the next month.
vi. The Service Provider has to also file returns for the Service Tax collected and paid by him. Filing of returns takes place twice in a year. For the period April to September, the last date of filing returns is 25th October while for the period October to March; the last date is 25th April.
The returns are filed in the form ST-3.
vii. If there is a delay in the payment of Service Tax, a fine of 13% per annum is applied.
Input Tax Credit
The concept of Input Tax Credit was introduced to avoid cascading effect of paying Service Tax on Service Tax. It applies to all services under the Service Tax net provided there is some co-relation between the Service Tax on the input service and the output service.
For e.g. suppose there is an event management firm. It is managing an event for which it charges Rs. 10 Lacs from the organizers. This firm hires the services of an interior decorator who charges Rs. 1 Lac. At the effective rate of 12.36%, the interior decorator would raise a bill of Rs. 111000. The event management firm would raise a bill of Rs. 1110000, i.e. charging the organizers Rs. 110000. But while filing returns it will claim a credit for Rs. 11000 it paid to the interior decorator. Thus it would avoid paying Service Tax on Service Tax. At the same time, the government also does not lose any tax.
A tax is a financial charge or other levy imposed on an individual or a legal entity by the state.
Based on how a taxpayer pays a tax, taxes are differentiated into direct taxes and indirect taxes. A direct tax is one paid directly to the government by the persons on whom it is imposed. Income Tax is an example of direct tax. An indirect tax is a tax collected by an intermediary from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax. Examples of indirect tax are Sales Tax, VAT, Service Tax, Customs Duty etc.
Why Service Tax?
In India, the economy consists of three sectors viz. agricultural sector, industrial sector and the services sector. At present the share of the three sectors are 18.5%, 26.4% and 55.1% of the GDP respectively. Service sector not only occupies the most significant part of the GDP but is also the fastest growing of all. In 2006-07, the rate of growth for these sectors was 2.7%, 7.4% and 11.1%. (Source: Economic Survey 2006-07 – Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India)
In 1994, the then government headed by Prime Minister Mr. P.V.Narasimha Rao realized the significant contribution of services to the GDP and its potential growth in the future. Hence it decided to impose tax on services. Services have been taxed world over. However, the difference between many countries taxing services and India is that India has chosen a selective model of taxation whereas the other countries have adopted a comprehensive model of taxation. In the comprehensive model all the services are taxed except a few like medical services, education etc. In the selective model only a few selected services are taxed by a government notification and rest of the services are exempted.
Initially only three services viz. telecommunication, general insurance and stock-broking were taxed. The rate of taxation was 5% of the amount of service provided.
Progression of tax rate over the years
Year Rate (%) Educational Cess (%) Effective Rate (%)
1994 5 - 5
2003 8 - 8
2004 10 2 10.2
2005 12 2 12.24
2007 12 3 12.36
Service tax was introduced for the first time in the year1994 through the insertion of Chapter V in the Finance Act 1994.
Collection of Service Tax
Collection of Service Tax is administered by the Customs & Excise Department.
Following is the procedure foe collecting Service Tax:-
i. Any Service Provider providing service which is mentioned in the notification should get himself registered within 30 days from the date on which he starts providing the service. The application for registration is made in form ST-1.
ii. Registration Certificate is issued in form ST-2 within 7 days from the receipt of application.
iii. Once the certificate is issued the Service Provider is obliged to charge Service Tax. In case the Service Provider raises bill without charging the Service Tax, then he is liable to pay the Service Tax from his own pocket.
iv. The Service Tax is payable only when the bill is realized and it is chargeable when the bill is raised. The Service Tax is required to be deposited using a challan in the form TR-6.
v. The liability to pay Service Tax is dependant on whether the Service Provider is a company or non-company.
In case the Service Provider is a company then the Service Tax collected in a month is to be paid before the 5th of the next month except for March when it is to be paid before 31st.
In case the Service Provider is a not a company then the Service Tax is to be paid on a quarterly basis and the due date is 5th of the next month.
vi. The Service Provider has to also file returns for the Service Tax collected and paid by him. Filing of returns takes place twice in a year. For the period April to September, the last date of filing returns is 25th October while for the period October to March; the last date is 25th April.
The returns are filed in the form ST-3.
vii. If there is a delay in the payment of Service Tax, a fine of 13% per annum is applied.
Input Tax Credit
The concept of Input Tax Credit was introduced to avoid cascading effect of paying Service Tax on Service Tax. It applies to all services under the Service Tax net provided there is some co-relation between the Service Tax on the input service and the output service.
For e.g. suppose there is an event management firm. It is managing an event for which it charges Rs. 10 Lacs from the organizers. This firm hires the services of an interior decorator who charges Rs. 1 Lac. At the effective rate of 12.36%, the interior decorator would raise a bill of Rs. 111000. The event management firm would raise a bill of Rs. 1110000, i.e. charging the organizers Rs. 110000. But while filing returns it will claim a credit for Rs. 11000 it paid to the interior decorator. Thus it would avoid paying Service Tax on Service Tax. At the same time, the government also does not lose any tax.
MOBILE PHONES AND HEALTH
ARTICLE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
MOBILE PHONES - HEALTH CONCERNS
_
Mobile telephones, are now an
integral part of modern telecommunications.
Mobile phones are
very popular because they allow
people to maintain continuous
communication without hampering
freedom of movement.
Several important considerations
must be kept in mind when
evaluating possible health effects of
RF [Radio Frequency] fields. One is
the frequency of operation. Current
mobile phone systems operate at
frequencies between 800 and 1800
MHz. It is important not to confuse
such RF fields with ionizing
radiation, such as X-rays or gamma
rays. Unlike ionizing radiation, RF
fields cannot cause ionization or
radioactivity in the body. Because of
this, RF fields are called nonionizing.
RF fields penetrate exposed
tissues to depths that depend on
the frequency - up to a centimetre
at the frequencies used by mobile
phones. RF energy is absorbed in
the body and produces heat, but the
body’s normal thermoregulatory
processes carry this heat away. All
established health effects of RF
exposure are clearly related to
heating. While RF energy can
interact with body tissues at levels
too low to cause any significant
heating, no study has shown
adverse health effects at exposure
levels below international guideline
limits.
Most studies have examined
the results of short-term, whole
body exposure to RF fields at levels
far higher than those normally
associated with wireless communications.
There has been a lot of
speculation about the possible “ill”
effects of using mobile phones in the
following areas but latest information
available proves otherwise:
_ Cancer: Current scientific
evidence indicates that exposure to
RF fields, such as those emitted by
mobile phones and their base
stations, is unlikely to induce or
promote cancers. Several studies
of animals exposed to RF fields
similar to those emitted by mobile
phones found no evidence that RF
causes or promotes brain cancer.
Three recent epidemiological
studies found no convincing
evidence of increase in risk of cancer
or any other disease with use of
mobile phones.
_ Other health risks: Scientists
have reported other effects of using
mobile phones including changes in
brain activity, reaction times, and
sleep patterns. These effects are
small and have no apparent health
significance. More studies are in
progress to try to confirm these
findings.
_ Driving: Research has clearly
shown an increased risk of traffic
accidents when mobile phones
(either handheld or with a “handsfree”
kit) are used while driving.
Yet, there IS a concern. A social
concern. Mobiles phones are being
grossly misused these days and the
society should wake up to address
this looming threat. After all this
invention was made to serve
humans in a more useful manner.
_
MOBILE PHONES - HEALTH CONCERNS
_
Mobile telephones, are now an
integral part of modern telecommunications.
Mobile phones are
very popular because they allow
people to maintain continuous
communication without hampering
freedom of movement.
Several important considerations
must be kept in mind when
evaluating possible health effects of
RF [Radio Frequency] fields. One is
the frequency of operation. Current
mobile phone systems operate at
frequencies between 800 and 1800
MHz. It is important not to confuse
such RF fields with ionizing
radiation, such as X-rays or gamma
rays. Unlike ionizing radiation, RF
fields cannot cause ionization or
radioactivity in the body. Because of
this, RF fields are called nonionizing.
RF fields penetrate exposed
tissues to depths that depend on
the frequency - up to a centimetre
at the frequencies used by mobile
phones. RF energy is absorbed in
the body and produces heat, but the
body’s normal thermoregulatory
processes carry this heat away. All
established health effects of RF
exposure are clearly related to
heating. While RF energy can
interact with body tissues at levels
too low to cause any significant
heating, no study has shown
adverse health effects at exposure
levels below international guideline
limits.
Most studies have examined
the results of short-term, whole
body exposure to RF fields at levels
far higher than those normally
associated with wireless communications.
There has been a lot of
speculation about the possible “ill”
effects of using mobile phones in the
following areas but latest information
available proves otherwise:
_ Cancer: Current scientific
evidence indicates that exposure to
RF fields, such as those emitted by
mobile phones and their base
stations, is unlikely to induce or
promote cancers. Several studies
of animals exposed to RF fields
similar to those emitted by mobile
phones found no evidence that RF
causes or promotes brain cancer.
Three recent epidemiological
studies found no convincing
evidence of increase in risk of cancer
or any other disease with use of
mobile phones.
_ Other health risks: Scientists
have reported other effects of using
mobile phones including changes in
brain activity, reaction times, and
sleep patterns. These effects are
small and have no apparent health
significance. More studies are in
progress to try to confirm these
findings.
_ Driving: Research has clearly
shown an increased risk of traffic
accidents when mobile phones
(either handheld or with a “handsfree”
kit) are used while driving.
Yet, there IS a concern. A social
concern. Mobiles phones are being
grossly misused these days and the
society should wake up to address
this looming threat. After all this
invention was made to serve
humans in a more useful manner.
_
BEATING THE SUMMER
BEATING THE SUMMER
INCREASING WORD POWER
Simple precautions may save your skin
A suntan is a warning. It tells you
that your skin has been burned.
Ignore repeated warnings, and you
may end up with wrinkles, age spots
and skin cancer. Here are some tips
to protect your skin:
_ Limit your time in the sun. Avoid
the strongest ultraviolet (UV)
sunlight, which is between
midmorning and midafternoon.
Be aware that UV light reflected
from water, sand, snow and
cement can be as intense as
direct sunlight.
_ Wear protective clothing and
sunglasses. Loose, longsleeved
cotton shirts and caps
with at least a 4-inch brim offer
good protection. Sunglasses
should have at least 99 percent
protection against both
ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet
B (UVB) sunlight.
_ Wearing sunglasses is
particularly important when
you’re around water and snow,
where failure to use eye
protection can result in a painful
burn to the outer layer of your
eye (cornea) and temporary
blindness. Use sunscreen.
Many moisturizing and makeup
products now contain nongreasy
sunscreens with a sun
protection factor (SPF) of 15 or
higher. They’re good to use all
day, every day, even if you live
in a cloudy climate.
_ Ask your doctor about
medications you take. Many
drugs can increase your
sensitivity to sunlight and your
risk of getting sunburn.
_ Examine your skin regularly. If
you see changes in the size,
texture (rough, smooth), shape
(round, irregular), or color of
blemishes, or you have a sore
that doesn’t heal, see your
doctor immediately. Make sure
your doctor examines all skin
surfaces. Don’t assume it’s
safe to stay in the sun just
because you’re wearing
sunblock. Sunblock alone
doesn’t protect you from skin
cancer. Being sun smart is
best: Avoid the midday sun,
wear sun-protective clothing
and then wear sunscreen on
exposed skin, in that order.
_
_
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